We also capitalise on the developing body of work on lesbian and gay parenting (Cocker, 2011 Cocker & Brown, 2010 Cocker, Hafford-Letchfield, Ryan & Barran, 2018 Golombok et al., 2014, 2003 Golombok & Tasker, 1996 Guasp, Statham, & Jennings, 2014 Hicks, 2011, 2014 Tasker & Golombok, 2005), and expand this. Further, exploring the parenting and caring experiences of people identifying on the transgender spectrum enables a richer understanding of the construction and experiences of the category of gender within caring practices, and is essential to person centred support (Hines, 2017). Transgender lives and experiences are marginalised or absent from this analytical framework (Hines, 2017). The aim of this review was to broaden our focus on the practice and meanings of ‘parenting’ and ‘caring’ for care professionals by bringing an analysis of family caring practices from this under-researched social group. Knowledge and skills to support the individual and their family should be embedded within social work and social care policy, education and practice, but this is not mainstream. The experience of gender transition can have a profound impact on individuals who identify with diverse gender identities and their family members.
#Transgender children everywhere full
Despite these significant shifts, transgender issues remain relatively under-explored within social work and social care, and marginalised within mainstream professional practice where transgender people's rights to full citizenship is yet to be realised (Kuhar, Monro, & Takacs, 2018). Our understanding of gender identities in health and social care has rapidly evolved in response to legislative, policy, political, cultural and social change. Social work and social care staff may need specialist input to counter their own prejudices.People who identify as transgender are as invested and committed to their families as any other persons, but fear that being trans may alienate and/or destroy their family relationships.Whilst lesbian and gay families have pioneered new family forms, the literature reveals that trans experiences are distinct from wider lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) experiences.We discuss how the material from the review can inform social work education and practice, including to help identify future research, education and practice priorities in this area. Key themes reported are: how trans people negotiate their relationships with children following disclosure and transition the impact of parental transitioning on children relationships with wider families trans people's desires to be parents and the role of professional practice to support trans families. Empirical studies published from 1 January 1990 to 31 April 2017 in the English language, and which had transgender parenting as a significant focus, were included in the review. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method.
The review evaluated existing findings from empirical research on transgender parenting and grandparenting to establish how trans people negotiate their relationships with children following transition, and sought to consider the implications for professional practice with trans people in relation to how best to support them with their family caring roles. We took a life course approach, examining the research studies that investigated the experience of people identifying as transgender, who were already parents at the time of their transition or who wished to be parents following transition. We present findings from a systematic review of studies concerning the experiences of transgender parenting conducted during January–September 2017.
The experience of gender transition has a profound impact on the individuals who have diverse gender identities and their family members. Transgender issues are under-explored and marginalised within mainstream social work and social care professional practice.
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